Which teachings are referred to as the Beatitudes?

The Beatitudes are a collection of statements that express blessings, typically attributed to Jesus, specifically found in the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew and the Sermon on the Plain in the Gospel of Luke. They encapsulate the values of the Kingdom of God and highlight virtues such as humility, mercy, and peace-making. By recognizing those who are poor in spirit, mourn, or are persecuted, the Beatitudes affirm that those who endure hardship or exhibit moral virtues will be rewarded. This distinct focus on blessings makes option B the accurate choice.

Other aspects mentioned, such as guidelines on prayer, historical accounts of early prophets, and moral rules for everyday life, do not capture the essence of what the Beatitudes represent, which are specifically blessings that illustrate the characteristics and attitudes of those who are spiritually fulfilled and aligned with God's will.